Law Questions and Answers
If your license was suspended because u forgot to foot a surcharge on time, what can u do?
can i procure it off my diary? i paid the surcharge 1 morning late. 1 daylight! i paid the suspension allowance of 100.00 but im wondering if thats on my record and how to receive it off and get hold of my money back because of only just 1 day slowly?Answers: Nothing. Just think of adjectives the extra exorcise you'll get riding a bike everywhere!
Requirements to be charged with domestic bombing in texas?
Answers: The requirements are simple. If you commit act of family antagonism, then you can be charged.
In Texas, family circle violence is primarily defined as any act by one accomplice of a family or household intended to physically injure another member, a serious threat of physical injure, or the abuse of a child.
More information on domestic sternness can be found at the Texas Attorney General's website.
http://www.oag.state.tx.us/victims/domes...
What is a website that has a catalogue of all local sex offender?
Answers: There are none for the US for for California is called Megan's Law and you can budge to it through http://mariaisabelescobar.vox.com/librar...
A man was kill becuase his name be at Megan's Law site,but the murderer did NOT bother to read that he was NOT a sex criminal. This is a weak nouns to Megan's Law. It came out within the Los Angeles Times in impulsive December 2007.
There are a lot of sites, close to the National Registry. I like this one because it is trouble-free to use and quick to nouns up. You simply type in the dub of the offender or your local street address, and a map will appear on your computer eyeshade showing locations of all local sex offender. You can click on the locations, and names, photographs, and identify information (including the sex crimes) of the sex offenders will appear. Here is the site.
http://www.familywatchdog.us/
support@scanusa.com or familywatchdog
Is there any court recourse for online fraud?
I have be a member of Poetbay.com, a poetry site, for more than a year. Recently I be sent notice that my political leanings fee be due for another year. I paid the duty. Now less than a month then the site has shut down in need notice. I know plentiful others who also have rewarded their fees some within the concluding few days only to hold the site close. Many have tried emailing the owner of the site in need any success of getting a reply. What, if any, are my option legally?Answers: If the company file bankruptcy, you probably lost your money for polite! Part of doing business, with zilch you can do about it. If they didn't directory for Bankruptcy, then you can probably sue them surrounded by small claims court.
You would need to acquire information on their corporation, like where on earth they are located, the type of company they are (corporation, LLC, etc.) then folder a law suit against them contained by the county for which they do business, for your damages (is it worth it?)
If they collected your money in pious faith (i.e., they didn't know the site be going to be shut down) then what they did is without fault legal, and you enjoy no recourse, online or not. This is actually slightly common. For example, if a magazine go out of print, you lose the balance of your subscription.
If they collected the money surrounded by bad idea, and knew that the site be going to be shut down but didn't tell you, later you have a casing. This would be a good interviewee for a class action.
I need assistance beside answering request for disclosure?
I am being sued by my insurance company, my daughter be in a vehicle accident, the motor had comprehensive coverage, I file a claim , my insurance company paid the towing company and the storage fees, and kept the wrecked vehicle, now they are claiming that I made false statements on my application, I did not.I have insurance on two cars the car my daughter be driving and my car, I required my daughter to be added as a driver, but the insurance agent did not add her, I be not aware or this fact. About a month subsequent the underwriting department of my insurance company added my daughter to the policy, and raise my premiums.
Now they do not want to pay the claim and they are sueing me, I can't afford a advocate, but I want to fight rear, so far I have file the answer in court, but have need of help within answering the requests for disclosure.
I would truely appreciate any help
Thanks
Answers: Your request for information is a little undeveloped. Your daughter was added by the underwrite department a month after what? The accident? The application?
Your casing is better if she was added in the past the accident logically.
As for the requests for disclosure, I don't know how we can help you here. What are they asking you to disclose? Are you discussion about discovery documents surrounded by the lawsuit? Requests for Documents? Interrogatories?
A lawyer may not be as expensive as you assume, and could save you abundantly of trouble. As least nick all of your paperwork to a attorney for a consultation.
Hey Elsie, I have adjectives my copies/paperwork of proof when I got my insurance. My female has as economically. If I'm driving my ladies car and GOD forbid something should arise the insurance company can't deny anything. You need to find your insurance papers that state who and what is covered. I'm cover for example if my vehicle is parked under a tree and a branch falls on within and damages it. Everything I'm paying for on insurance is in black and white. You should find those papers. Then they can't verbs one over on you.
Does mom have the right to discard to let me work?
I am 16 and I enjoy a 11 month old child.Still living near mom.The father of my child is out of the questionMom won't tolerate me move out ,she won't let me capture a job.
I will singular be emancipated if I have a livelihood,right?CA
Answers: Emancipation in California is scandalously difficult. Unless you have a steady and reliable chore that makes ample money to support yourself and your child, the judge isn't going to emancipate you.
I ponder you're very lucky your mom is letting you stay near her and taking care of you. There's no agency you'd survive on your own.
This may not be the bad item that you seem to regard it is. I would say that unless your mother or someone else within the house is abusive to any you or your child, this may be a blessing.
It is difficult to make it out nearby at all, and if you are 16 consequently you most likely don't hold a High School Diploma. That will be almost impossible to get a actual job, ever. I believe what your mother is attempting to do is to bring in it so that you can finish at least elevated school and still be capable of keep your child. She is attempting to steal care of both of you and generate sure that you have a concrete chance when you obtain to the real world.
I believe you would be much better past its sell-by date if you let your mother win this individual fight. You hold a babysitter and a helper surrounded by raising your child who have experience. You have a place to stay and food to chomp through. And most importantly, you have a uncertainty to make sure you can provide this to your own child when he or she get older.
At 16, how are you going to support a child? You are still a kid yourself! Your mom is concerned around you and your baby. What just about your education? You will NEVER catch a head lacking an education.
Sorry but I'm on Mom's side! You should stop whining and be grateful you hold someone that loves you and is concerned for you. She is bailing your butt out of a bad situation and adjectives you want to do is cry about it!
Jas, you hold posted so many times and it is plain you are in a authentic mess.
The father of your child is not going to help you and you are going to hold a terrible time getting on your foot.
Please consider putting your child up for adoption while the baby is still a babe-in-arms. The child would have a accurate home and you would be able to complete your tuition, get a commission and have a clad life.
The answer to this put somebody through the mill, is yes. Your mom is the boss until you are 18. You already have a little one and have to turn to school. There is no time for a available job.
You have no style to support yourself or the child. Even getting a job, in need even a high college education, you would not be getting a giant salary errand. Plus, who will watch your child?
Sounds approaching your Mom is giving you the opportunity to RAISE your own child while under her supervision.
I would that her for that opportunity if I be you.
Do you feel that by interdiction guns we would actually lower crime?
All the anti-gun acitivists really gentleman my a--. They cry about gun ferocity and crime rates. But drunk drivers and cigarettes kill more every year than guns. I believe legalized gun ownership and those who know how to defend themselves will eat up the crime rate.If the criminals think you get a hand-gun, than they'll think twice in the region of committing the crime.
Answers: BINGO!!!!!!!!!! You get it!!!!!!!!!!!!! And statistics prove it.
PS, the NRA is a GUN CONTROL group too. Really, thats not a joke. They sponsor ever gun bill don't they.? Sounds kinda converse of "Over my dead hands" and the acting going on near them doesnt it?
Anybody who doesnt believe in guns and the rights to guard themselves should only be within a situation where they wish they had one.
Criminals break law. Thats what they do. Any law passed have not hurt their business at all hasn't it. They will do it illeagally, because thats what they do. You know , they are criminals after adjectives. We don't need unsullied laws, we involve enforcement of laws surrounded by the first place.
Its not about crime, but really dis arming of a population of a soon to be within fear senate. Its preparation for the larger picture. WAKE UP!!!!!!!!!! It happened contained by 39 and will happen here....unless we wake up up.
That would be in the favor of criminals
Making the crime rate move about up more
The criminals would just hold the guns..and most like they would purchase them within Mexico and smuggle them across..if they don't already.
maybe you ought to move about live in Samalia for a year or 2.
nearly everyone here carries their AK47.
and it's done wonders to create that country safer.
or, you could ask any big city policeman.
that is, unless you're the smartest guy contained by the world.
Don't think so.
Look within the real world.
Where places don't hold guns.
Look at the works of the cave-men.
How they club another living human kind resembling themselves on being cornered next to faulty communication problems.
Look at the statistic on bloodthirsty crimes.
When the I-Robots, the defective, malfunction humanoids hit the streets contained by own backyards.
Being mass produced and rolled past its sell-by date from faulty production lines.
With their web-size that hang on to on growing by the day in need being aware of the mess of their own creation contained by own backyards.
In kicking the butts of God.
Luke 9.55-56
When living human concerned do not even know how to create living human kind to be mankind as the Son of God in need our creator's universal gifts of life span vital for the survival and advancement of living human brand.
Luke 8.10,17
Look at the mess with cheap-skate eerie stories with living examples surrounded by Afghanistan, Iraq, and the middle-east on the cheap-skate glory of idol worshiping the dead Mummy of failure and horrors of the past from the graveyards of different otherworldly ancestor's culture and custom as success.
With adjectives "The young one" at loss living contained by misery with the missing relation and total loss of IQ with the betrayal of Judas on the cheap-skate glory of idol worshiping as nouns.
Luke 6.39,4041-45,46-49
Getting instruction from the dead Mummy of skeleton of skull and bones within the creation of living human kind from the graveyards contained by messing up human lives when they were the living and not the unconscious?
Luke 9.60
What do you think?
The motivation we have the 2nd Amendment have nothing to do beside common criminals. The Founding Fathers didn't address this issue surrounded by the Constitution because at that time gun possession/ownership was as adjectives and neccessary as keeeping axes and hammers. The armed forces consisted of citizens organized into militias. Once the rule took the decision to say a standing armed force, some very idealist people foresaw the prospect of system tyrrany. Our right to keep and take on arms is our only guarranty that big system won't rob us of our freedom.
Outlawing guns will only insure a superior crime rate. Criminals don't obey law. That's why we call them criminals. Criminals existed back firearms were invented. Even IF you could completely rid the country of guns, criminals would still do their piece.
My wife is German and reads the German the Fourth Estate every day. Crime is skyrocketting within that country without any renovation in the gun law. It's caused by the influx of foreigners who deficit the traditional morals and ethics of the former largely homogenous German society.
On it's facade, a total gun ban sounds fine. But so does the Communist Utopia. In practice, human spirit makes them both impossible to implement. You can't put the genie pay for in the bottle... guns exist, and as long as the enormous majority of gun owners are responsible, our best hope is to deter crime through adequate punishment of criminals. The Saudis amputate the hand of convicted thieves and it's especially effective!
Look at crime rates where on earth guns are only allowed by permission, and various testimonial must be met.
Eg. Denmark, Germany, New Zealand, Australia. - All lower crime rates than USA and other Gun happy countries.
Yes, i believe the crime rate would lower contained by countries such as the USA if they were to bar guns, or adapt matching approach.
Would really only work if a total approach was made though.. Like if Mexico adapted same entity. And by adapting these policies, i stingy that police still have their guns.
If you can find a style to prevent guns getting in the hand of the criminals this will work...
Maybe that's why the rates are lower in New Zealand and Aus, as they hold no land boundaries beside other countries,
So any gun smuggling must get long-gone a very strong border patrol.
I do reason we need guns, but if solitary law enforcement have guns, than criminals wouldn't be able to steal guns from stores and civilians.. ehh i dunno
Drinking Age in the US?
I merely don't understand it. Maybe it's a cultural article (I live in the US but I'm not a US citizen), but why is the drinking age so big? It's not the fact that it's so illustrious that bothers me the most, but the fact that the statute is extremely contradictory: At 18 you can go to time of war and see people die but you can't own a drink? Or even more incoherent, at 18 you can work as a bartender, actually MAKE drinks but you can't try them? (It's approaching a chef who can't try what he's cooking!!)Basically you take alcohol from kids so what do they do? Go hold sex (since clubbing is not an option any, at least not the cool clubs unless you do it illegally) and own tons of teen pregnancies...
Can somebody please explain this incoherence to me? I don't mean to insult the US but I'd really close to to understand US sense of logic. Thanks!
Can somebody please explain this incoherence?
Answers: In the 70's the law were changed to lower the drinking age to 18, principally due to your first argument above. There was so much increased disappearance and carnage do to drunk driving by kids that it be raised again surrounded by the 80s. For a while if you were born on soon you could drink at 18 and if born on the very subsequent day, it be illegal. That go on for 3 years. Most 18 year olds just don't enjoy enough later life to drink responsibly. They make childish judgment that end up harm themselves and others.
blackjack..21
people here in recent times see that it is the only mode to control dangerous matter...this is a democracy...
meaning that race could be free of certain restrictions...
also...since family have proved that one could not control the thirst for alochol or responsibility needed for it.the youth of america be neglected the rightto such bevarages..
Because the kids in our country enjoy proven to be immature to pedal it so they made it to 21.
But luckly I live right next to the Canadian border so when I turned 19, I newly went over in attendance and went to some bar before I turned 21.
believe me it doesn't product since and i agree with you surrounded by every word, and yeah i'm a U.S. citizen
18-21 drinking age
Exactly.
I find it very amusing.
Espically since you can drive around a thousand pound sports car when your a child at 16, but can not drink in your own home when your supposed to be considered an developed at 18.
There were 16,694 alcohol-related fatalities within 2004 – 39 percent of the total traffic fatalities for the yearthats just one heres more
More than 100,000 U.S. death are caused by excessive alcohol consumption respectively year. Direct and indirect causes of demise include drunk driving, cirrhosis of the liver, falls, cancer, and stroke.1
At least once a year, the guidelines for low risk drinking are exceeded by an estimated 74% of masculine drinkers and 72% of female drinkers aged 21 and elder.2
65% of youth surveyed said that they got the alcohol they drink from nearest and dearest and friends.7
Nearly 14 million Americans meet diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders.5
Youth who drink alcohol are 50 times more plausible to use cocaine than those who never drink alcohol.3
Among current adult drinkers, more than partly say they enjoy a blood relative who is or was an alcoholic or problem drinker.1
Across society of all ages, males are four times as imagined as females to be heavy drinkers.1
More than 18% of Americans experience alcohol ill-treat or alcohol dependence at some time in their lives.6
Traffic crashes are the greatest single motive of death for people aged 6–33. About 45% of these fatalities are in alcohol-related crashes.4
Underage drinking costs the United States more than $58 billion every year — satisfactory to buy every public school student a state-of-the-art computer.2
Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among childlike people.1
Problem drinkers average four times as tons days in the hospital as nondrinkers — mostly because of drinking-related injuries.1
Alcohol kill 6 1/2 times more youth than all other illicit drugs combined.2
Concerning times past 30 days, 50% of high university seniors report drinking, with 32% report individual drunk at least once.2
The elder you are the more mature!
Drinking age is set by the State you are surrounded by. Most range from 18-21. But, it adjectives depends where you live. WHICH MAKES NO SENSE. This policy tell me that people surrounded by one state are either more responsible than contained by others, or that their state gov doesn't care as long as they achieve their liquir tax money.
OH. SORRY. I didn't realize that you needed somebody to make sense out of a decision of the US government.
I REALLY don't meditate that is possible.
first of adjectives, alcohol laws change from state to state. in texas, it used to be 18, afterwards bumped up to 21. in oklahoma alcohol is so strictly contoled, it's almost a dry state. check out the kansas missouri border sometime if you want to see some interesting alcohol law.
new research shows though that the human brain is still forming into the mid 20's. i own no problem with 21 yr dated drinking age. and if a sobre high conservatory graduate chooses the millitary, that's cool with me too! contained by fact, i would resembling to see some changes surrounded by teenage driving. read out maybe, 18 as a min age for a DL.
There's profoundly of cool teens out there that do not drink and don't enjoy babies.
There are a lot of teens that don't stick their nose in the heavens at working low paying jobs so they can afford their playtoys and schooling.
Few, if any, become drunkards, live past its sell-by date Mom or go on the dole.
Seems a bit ironic right?.
well, surrounded by other countries, alcohol is just a regular division of dinner, but in America, it is somewhat of a "forbidden" substance.
I construe that if we were to introduce the responsibilities of drinking at a younger age (like contained by france i think the drinking age is 14?..correct me if im wrong), i believe kids would grow up have more respect for what it does to your body.
As i notice contained by highschool, people drink adjectives the time, and it is very terrifying at the level they participant at. Because alcohol has this touch of the "forbidden fruit", more teens are atracted to it, rather than appaled.
Also, within other countries, drinking is something done in moderation, and it is fixed in the culture.
Here surrounded by America, many those do drink in moderation, but the ones who produce big news are the alcoholics..
to me its a vicious cycle. If you tablet someone from the ability to do something, they are only just going to want to do it...but if you make it quantity of everyday life, its not so much of a big business deal anymore.
First of all, you're wrong in the order of bar disposed. A person can get rid of beer and wine at a store when they are 18, and they can probably server beer and wine at a restaurant. But they can not make or serve mixed drinks and they indeed can not work in a handrail.
As for the reason why the drinking age is 21. I can provide you several. Some are more reasonable than others, but they adjectives apply.
-It is generally believed that a person's body is not fully developed until just about the age of 21 and therefore they are more prone to the refusal effect of alcohol at younger ages. Including a decreased skylight of time that it takes to become an alcoholic.
-In our society, the majority of teens who drink are bing drinkers. Most will drink until they puke or surpass out. The are not usually going to be content with a beer or a chalice of wine with a buffet.
-The age restrictions do not make a distinction between beer and wine, and complicated alcohol.
-An 18 year-old is much more likely to associate next to younger teens and therefore more feasible to provide them alcohol than someone older. At 21, they are much smaller quantity likely to still associate next to high institution kids.
-Unlike many European nation, American's don't normally consume alcohol on a on a daily basis basis near food. Generally speaking, alcohol is associated more with partying fairly than eating. And I estimate this is part of what contributes to alcohol remaining taboo contained by the US.
I wouldn't have an issue next to allowing18-20 year-olds to have beer or wine near a meal within a restaurant, but I don't think it's a polite idea to allow them to drink or buy alcohol at will.
Higher drinking age make more crime possible(ie: under aged drinking crimes and fines). Making courts busier, making prisons(private owned) more profitable since more prisoners, making police budgets larger enforce stupid laws by thugs cops. Its just about $$.
If laws made sence, nobody would brand name money.
Its also about control and shock. Like Prohibition failed and worked the contrary of its intent, so does age 21, just within a slightly smaller version. Selective Prohibition?
That's the logic.
The rest of the BS populace give you something like a persons body not human being developed and crap as such is just that, Bull 5HIT!!! The same ancestors believe Mercury in vaccination is good for you and China is helping the US reduction. Sorry, but we are sick of "educated idiots" and their conversation points.
Its about $$$ and Power/control - Simple ample?
This is probaly the only sensible edict taken by the US government. Where i live (South Africa) the officially recognized drinking age is 18. 90% of car accident here are caused by drunken driving next to the drivers all underneath the age of 21. Pregnancy in girls below 21 is mostly a result of a drunken stupor.
Generally speaking, a 21 year old is more ripened than an 18 year old.
You know, I other argued this subject before I be 21, because I have be in the Army since I be 18, and I wanted to buy my own booze and seem it wasnt fair. in a minute, 4 years later, I could contemplation less, I wait all the mode, now everyone else will too!! I have to wait!
It's roughly politics. They raised the age to 21 surrounded by the early 1980s surrounded by response to a spate of drunk driving accidents involving minors and pressure from MADD and other groups. Now, most politicians know implicitly that it is a unpromising idea, but they don't enjoy the courage to do lower it because they will be labeled as "soft on crime".
naner naner naner..my country is better than yours.that's why you live here. how's the ''whine'' in America. you nouns like a us citizen who complains that Canada have universal condition care but isn't inclined to immigrate there and renounce their US citizenship
Depends what state your surrounded by. They Defer Michigan is 21
How to gain friends?
When I was a child, I have a lot of friends. we are playing into a small hill of sand, playing cars and superhero toys. But when I turn 12, I was involved in a small case in our area which I never did, my friends entered a private property in which me and my friends stole many toys in the back of a house. I was there when they did that. When the local police investigated my friends, I was not in our home. We went to the church at that time. As we went home, our local police told me that my friends told them that it is me that stolen many toys and the first one who entered the private property. Although that claims are not true. I defended myself. And I proved myself to be innocent. But my friends, whom I considered friends, told the police that it is me who is the responsible to the tresspassing and not them. Although that is my first time to see that house. Since then, I never been to my friends anymore until today. Because I still feel the pain they have done. How to gain true friendAnswers: They're not your friends. They do not see you as a friend of theirs. They probably only let you hang out with them so they could pin that crap on you.
In the future, do not be eager to find friends. Just let people BE your friends. If they ask strange things from you, they probably have other ideas...
There are people out there like you and you'll be able to make REAL friends. Just don't give up. Most people are full of ****, they just don't realize it yet. Know that you're right in trying to make friends and they're just stupid and will probably learn hard lessons in the future because they don't think before doing stupid **** like stealing from thier own neighbors.
******
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see ****** (disambiguation).
****** is a pejorative term used to refer to dark-skinned people, mostly those of African ancestry. For centuries, it has held negative connotations, and in modern times it is considered a racial slur in most contexts.[1] Modern colloquial uses include a synonym for "person" and an effort to "reclaim" the word for black people (see *****), which remains a controversial topic.[2][3]
Contents [hide]
1 Etymology and history
2 Usage
2.1 In the United Kingdom
2.2 In the United States
2.3 In Australia
2.4 Other languages
2.5 Non-human uses
2.6 Literary uses
2.7 Popular culture
2.8 Names of places and things
3 Avoiding offense
3.1 "The N-Word"
3.2 Near-homophones
3.3 Revisionist usage in Britain
3.4 *****
4 Footnotes
5 References
6 Further reading
7 See also
8 External links
Etymology and history
Main article: Negro
Earlier variants (such as neger or negar) derive from the Spanish/Portuguese word negro, meaning "black", and probably also the French nègre, which has also been used pejoratively (but also positively as in Négritude), derived from negro (the ordinary French word for "black" being noir). Both negro and noir (and therefore also nègre and ******) ultimately come from nigrum, the accusative form of the Latin word niger, meaning "black".
In Colonial America, negars was used in 1619 by John Rolfe, describing slaves shipped to Virginia colony.[4] Neger (sometimes spelled "neggar") also prevailed in northern New York under the Dutch and also in Philadelphia, in its Moravian and Pennsylvania Dutch communities. For example, the African Burial Ground in New York City was originally known as "Begraafplaats van de Neger" (Dutch phrase meaning "Cemetery of the negro" in English).
In the United States, the word ****** was not always considered derogatory, but was instead used by some as merely denotative of black skin, as it was in other parts of the English-speaking world. In nineteenth-century literature, there are many uses of the word ****** with no intended negative connotation. Charles Dickens, and Joseph Conrad (who published The ****** of the 'Narcissus' in 1897) used the word without racist intent. Mark Twain often put the word into the mouths of his characters, white and black, but did not use the word when writing as himself in his autobiographical Life on the Mississippi.
In the United Kingdom and other parts of the English-speaking world, the word was often used to refer to people of Pakistani or Indian descent, or merely to darker-skinned foreigners in general; in his 1926 Modern English Usage, H. W. Fowler observed that when the word was applied to "others than full or partial negroes," it was "felt as an insult by the person described, & betrays in the speaker, if not deliberate insolence, at least a very arrogant inhumanity." The note was excised from later editions of the book.
In the 1800s, as ****** began to acquire the pejorative connotation it holds today, the term "Colored" gained popularity as a kinder alternative to negro and associated terms. For example, abolitionists in Boston, Massachusetts posted warnings to "Colored People of Boston and vicinity." The name of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People reflects the preference for this term at the time of the NAACP's founding in 1909.
Southern dialect in many parts of the southern United States changes the pronunciation of "Negro" to "nigra" (used most famously by Lyndon B. Johnson, a proponent of civil rights). In North American English, the transition from negro > ****** represented a formerly widespread sound shift. In the early editions of his dictionary, Noah Webster suggested the new spellings of zeber for "zebra", as well as neger for "Negro".[5]
Black became the preferred term in English in the late 1960s, and this continues to the present day. In the United States this has been displaced to some extent by African American, at least in politically correct usage; this resembles the term Afro-American that was in vogue in the early 1970s. Nevertheless, black continues in widespread use as a racial designation in the United States and is rarely regarded as offensive.
Today the word is often spelled ***** or niggah, in imitation of the manner in which some pronounce it. (Less-common variants are nigguh or even nikuh.) Other variations, designed to avoid the term itself, include nookah, nukka, nagger and the much older "jigger."
Usage
In the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, "******" is now established as a derogatory and often "criminal" word, but as recently as the 1950s it was widely regarded as acceptable in Britain for black people to be referred to as *******. By the 1970s, this and other offensive racial slurs had been outlawed by stricter government legislation.
Historically, British people would often describe a dark shade of brown as "****** brown", but this and all other uses of the word "******" have long since been considered offensive in Britain.
The singer Elvis Costello used the word in his song Oliver's Army. The line sang 'One more widow, one less white ******' referring to the disadvantaged population of Northern Ireland. On a later edition of the programme Stars in Their Eyes a contestant sang this song and was forced by the producers to substitute this line as 'One more widow, one less white figure'.
Big Brother 2007 contestant Emily Parr was ejected from the Big Brother house only hours after saying the word '******' in reference to a fellow housemate. Despite making the slur in jest, she was removed due to tighter rules in response to a previous similar situation causing public outcry.
In the United States
In the United States, the word was freely used by some whites and blacks until the Civil Rights Era of the 1960s. It seems that the word acquired a pejorative meaning in the Northern United States before acquiring the same connotation in the South.[citation needed]
In the first half of the 20th Century, before Major League Baseball was integrated, ball players with a dark complexion were sometimes nicknamed "Nig."[6][7] The following major league players bore the nickname: Johnny Beazley (1941-49), Howard Berry (1921-22), Bobby Bragan (1940-48), Nig Clarke (1905-20), Nig Cuppy (1892-1901), Nig Fuller (1902), Johnny Grabowski (1923-31), Nig Lipscomb (1937), Charlie Niebergall (1921-24), Nig Perrine (1907), and Frank Smith (1904-15).
Louisiana Governor Earl Long also used the term when advocating expanded voting rights for African Americans. At that time, the term was less noteworthy than the expressions of support by white Southerners, as it was a common regional term for blacks, along with negro and colored.
Today, the implied racism of the term is so strong that the use of ****** in most situations is a social taboo. Many American magazines and newspapers will not even print the word in full, instead using n*gg*r, n**ger, n——, or simply "the N-word."
A Washington Post article on Strom Thurmond's 1948 candidacy for President of the United States went so far as to replace it with the periphrasis "the less-refined word for black people." The word was also completely excised from the Microsoft Encarta dictionary, despite its common usage.
The shock effect of the word can also be used to deliberately cause offense. Several activists, such as Dick Gregory, have said the use of "N-word" instead of ****** robs younger generations of the full history of black people in America.
The term ****** has sometimes been extended in meaning so as to refer to all disadvantaged people. For example, Ron Dellums, an American politician, once said that "it's time for somebody to lead all of America's *******".[8]
The New York City Council passed a resolution on February 28, 2007 that symbolically bans the use of the word ******. There are no penalties for non-compliance. The resolution also asks that songs including the word ****** in their lyrics be excluded from consideration for the Grammy Awards.[9][10]
Boxer Muhammed Ali famously said in an interview regarding his refusal to enlist during the Vietnam War, 'I aint going to fight in Vietnam, no Vietnamese ever called me a ******'.
In Australia
In Australia, though the word's meaning is generally understood, it is now rarely used by urban whites in any context; when referring to indigenous Australians, the casual terms Abo and the more derogatory boong or coon are used in its place. ****** is sometimes used amongst working class Australians, when used in a casual sense between friends or work colleagues of both white and mixed race. It is generally used in imitation of American slang e.g. "Wassup, my ******." Black, Aboriginal or Māori people may use the term to greet each other. Australians, black or white, do not on the whole have the same sensitivity to the word as Americans, at least when it is used in a lighthearted, non-derogatory fashion among established groups of friends. It would not be acceptable to use the term to a stranger or casual acquaintance. The relaxed attitude is mainly because there was no direct African slave trading. Australia did however enslave indigenous Australians, particularly in the pearling industry[citation needed]. The mistreatment of the indigenous people is generally covered under the term of "racial abuse" rather than "slavery"; however, increasing exposure to American vernacular, sensitivities and culture in general, has sensitised conservative Australia to its use.
However, ****** has seen common use in rural or semi-frontier districts. In this context, the usage was British colonial, that is, applying generically to dark-skinned people of any origin (cf. Rudyard Kipling). This has led to controversy, since Australian Aborigines have started to take the term strongly to heart, in both the pejorative and revisionist senses (see below under Names of places and things).
Other languages
In various Romance languages, including the Spanish and Portuguese dialects used in Latin American and parts of Africa, a variety of words cognate with the Latin niger and sounding similar to the English word ****** are used without the disparaging connotation the word holds in English. The French cognate nègre, however, commonly used during the colonial period, is similarly considered offensive, whereas noir (literally, "black") is the standard word, with the Anglicism black being a common slang term.
Interestingly, in some places these words refer to people with an only slightly darker appearance than those native to Northern Europe, i.e. people who might be said to have a typically Mediterranean or Southern European appearance without any facial or hair-texture characteristics associated with black people.
Forms ultimately derived from Latin niger have been borrowed into various non-Romance languages, and may be used to refer to people without negative connotation — Russian негр (negr) is one such example. The Hungarian néger referred to black Africans without any negative connotations until the 1990s when its meaning changed under English influence. The word ******, typically with the same spelling and more or less similar pronunciation, also appears as a loanword in languages other than English and has the same racist connotations as the English word. In Nazi propaganda, the German compound niggerjazz was used as a derogatory term for jazz music, which Nazi ideology held was a "degenerate" form of music. In Yiddish, "shvartzer", meaning 'black' is considered offensive while "neger" is the standard word.
In Japanese, the word くろんぼ "kuronbo" and くろんぼう "kuronbō" are similarly derogative words for a black person, though they are not used in media today.
Non-human uses
In the past, ****** was sometimes used as a synonym for "defect." For example, the May 1886 issue of Scientific American, page 308 said, "The consequence of neglect might be that what the workmen call ‘a ******’ would get into the armature, and burn it so as to destroy its service."
The term ****** was used in lumber mills until the mid-point of the 20th century. It refers to a device that turns a log while it is being stripped of its bark. This may be an off-hand reference to the prejudicial use of the word, as until the machine was invented, this was considered a job too dangerous for anyone other than a black man.
It is also used to describe something undesirable or bad. In rapper Ice Cube's first album; "Amerikkka's Most Wanted", he said "Paybacks a muthafuckin' ******".
In his album Loyal to the Game, rapper 2pac uses ***** as an acrynom in the title of his song N.I.G.G.A which stands for Never Ignorant about Gettin' Goals Accomplished.
Literary uses
****** has a long history of controversy in literature. Carl Van Vechten, a white photographer and writer famous as a supporter of the Harlem Renaissance, provoked debate and some protest from the African American community by titling his 1926 novel ****** Heaven. The controversy centered on the use of the word in the title and fueled the sales of the hit novel. Of the controversy, Langston Hughes wrote:
No book could possibly be as bad as ****** Heaven has been painted. And no book has ever been better advertised by those who wished to damn it. Because it was declared obscene, everybody wanted to read it, and I'll venture to say that more Negroes bought it than ever purchased a book by a Negro author. Then, as now, the use of the word "******" by a white was a flashpoint for debates about the relationship between Black culture and its White patrons.
The famous controversy over Mark Twain's novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), a classic frequently taught in American schools, revolves largely around the novel's 215 uses of the word, often referring to Jim, Huck's raft mate.[11][12] Advocates of the book point out that use of the word is not intended to spread racist stereotypes but simply reflects the situation at the time of writing, and that Jim is clearly depicted as a sympathetic character.
****** in the Window is a book written by a young black girl who describes the world from her window.[13]
Slaves often pandered to racist assumptions by using the word ****** to their advantage in the self-deprecatory artifice of Tomming.[14] Implicit was an unspoken reminder that a presumably inferior person or subhuman could not reasonably be held responsible for work performed incorrectly, a fire in the kitchen, or any similar offense. It was a means of deflecting responsibility in the hope of escaping the wrath of an overseer or master. Its use as a self-referential term was also a way to avoid suspicion and put whites at ease. A slave who referred to himself or another black as a "******" presumably accepted his subordinate role and posed no threat to white authority.
Original title of And Then There Were None by Agatha ChristieAn example of this historical use in American literature occurs in Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Gold-Bug" (1843). The narrator and a white character in the story use negro to refer to a black servant, Jupiter, while Jupiter himself uses ******.[15][16]
Ian Fleming makes use of the term in his novel Live and Let Die. One of the chapters is called "****** Heaven" and two of the main characters, James Bond and Felix Leiter, make regular use of the word.
Bram Stoker, the Irish author best known for Dracula, makes use of the word 46 times in his 1911 novel, The Lair of the White Worm. Edgar Caswall's African servant, Oolanga, is often referred to as a "******" throughout the book.[17]
Agatha Christie's novel And Then There Were None, also known as Ten Little Indians, originally appeared as Ten Little *******. Among the classic novels of Joseph Conrad (famous for his use of the word in Heart of Darkness) is The ****** of the 'Narcissus' (1897).
Harper Lee's 1960 novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, also uses the term ****** throughout showing the widespread use during the 1930s.
Flannery O'Connor wrote a short story named "The Artificial ******", a term one of the characters uses when he sees a lawn jockey.
Other examples of literary usage in the United Kingdom during the late 19th and early 20th centuries suggest a more neutral usage of the term, which can cause a problem when reading such books today when the word has such an offensive meaning.
The Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Mikado uses the word ****** twice. The executioner Ko-ko, in his song "I have a little list", sings of killing "the ****** serenader and the others of his race" (this is generally understood to mean white performers performing minstrel songs in blackface, a popular Victorian entertainment). The Mikado, in his song “Let the Punishment fit the Crime”, sings of having overly-made-up society ladies “Blacked like a ******/With permanent walnut juice”. Both lyrics are frequently changed in performance nowadays.[18]
The Scarlet Pimpernel contains a black character referred to casually as a “******”, in a way which suggests no serious insult is intended.
In one John Buchan novel the hero goes into a night club in the early 1920s, where “a rather good ****** band” is playing.
Ronald Firbank's 1925 novel about the failed attempts of a family of blacks to enter high society in the capital of a West Indian nation was entitled Prancing ******. The title was recommended to him as a publicity-getter by Van Vechten.
P.G. Wodehouse's Thank You, Jeeves has Bertie Wooster mention that he would like to practice the banjo with a "troupe of ****** minstrels".
The Reverend W. V. Awdry's story Henry's Sneeze (part of The Railway Series of stories that is most known for Thomas the Tank Engine) originally described some soot-covered boys as being "as black as *******". After complaints were made in 1972, the description was changed to "as black as soot".
It has been suggested that the USA usage became more prevalent in the UK during and after the Second World War.
War Comes to Willy Freeman by James Collier and Christopher Collier (ISBN 0-440-49504-0) mentions the word ****** nineteen times. Current readers complain as this use of the word is unnecessary and, in the 18th century context of the story, is not historically correct.
Rudyard Kipling's Just So Story "How the Leopard Got His Spots" tells of how an Ethiopian and a leopard, who are originally sand-colored, decide to paint themselves for camouflage when hunting in dense tropical forest. The story originally included a scene in which the leopard, who now has spots, asks the Ethiopian why he doesn't want spots as well. The Ethiopian's original reply, "Oh, plain black's best for a ******", has been changed in many modern editions to read, "Oh, plain black's best for me."
Rudyard Kipling uses the word in his "A Counting-Out Song", from Land and Sea Tales for Scouts and Guides, (1923). The rhyme reads "Eenie Meenie Mainee, Mo! Catch a ****** by the toe!"
Ernest Hemingway uses the term ambiguously in "The Sun Also Rises" (1926)
'Finally we went up to Montmartre. Inside Zelli's it was crowded, smoky, and noisy. The music hit you as you went in. Brett and I danced. It was so crowded we could barely move. The ****** drummer waved at Brett. We were caught in the jam, dancing in one place in front of him. "Hahre you?" "Great." "Thaats good." He was all teeth and lips. "He's a great friend of mine," Brett said. "Damn good drummer."'
It's also used to reference a boxer in an incident recounted by one of the minor characters in the book.
Popular culture
At one time, the word was used freely in branding and packaging of consumer commodities in the U.S. and the United Kingdom. There were brands such as ****** Hair Tobacco, Niggerhead Oysters, and other canned goods. Brazil nuts were referred to as "****** toes". As times changed, so did labeling practices. The tobacco brand became "Bigger Hare" and the canned goods brand became "Negro Head". Eventually, such names disappeared from the Western marketplace altogether.[19][20]
In other parts of the world, however, this is not the case. As recently as 2007, a black household in Canada took delivery of a chocolate-brown leather sofa manufactured in China. To their surprise and dismay, the label on the sofa listed the item's color as "****** Brown."[21] In fact, "******" remains common in China today as a descriptor of a dark shade of brown. The China-based Nanhai De Xing Leather Shoes Habiliment Co., Ltd.'s online store describes a leather men's boot: "this product is comfortable for wearing, it looks very simple and artistic. Size: 39#-46# Color: ******-brown."[22]
Additionally, the word "******" has appeared in many films (perhaps most famously in Blazing Saddles, which used it to ridicule racism itself), television shows and songs.
Names of places and things
Because the word was used freely for many years, there are many official place-names containing the word ******. Examples include ****** Bill Canyon, ****** Hollow, and Niggertown Marsh. In 1967, the United States Board on Geographic Names changed the word ****** to Negro in 143 specific place names, although this did not always eradicate common use of the word in reference to such places.
One specific example is that of ****** Head Mountain, located just outside of Burnet, Texas. For decades, a particular hillock was referred to as such due to the forestation at the peak resembling a black man's hairstyle of the times. It became a popular spot for the predominantly white local high school students to show their spirit by holding pep rallies and post-game parties, and even during the start of the Civil Rights Movement news services continued to refer to the hillock as "****** Head" with almost no reported complaints from either side of the rights struggle. In 1966, First Lady Lady Bird Johnson, as part of her beautification efforts at the time, denounced the name and asked both the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and the U.S. Forest Service to take immediate steps to change the name to something more acceptable to reflect changing views. The name was officially changed to "Colored Mountain" in 1968, and while both maps and road signs were replaced with ones bearing the new name, local inhabitants still refer to the location by its original name. There was also a "Dead ****** Creek" in central Texas that changed its name to "Dead Negro Creek".
"****** Nate Grade" in Temecula, California was named after former slave and early settler Nate Harrison, but was changed in 1955 due to a request by the NAACP and renamed to Nate Harrison Grade.[23] Many other place names in California use the word as well.[24][25][26][27]
The Pacific Northwest region of the USA has many uses of the word.[28][29][30][31]
A point on the Lower Mississippi River was known well into the middle and late 20th century as Free ****** Point, or Freenigger Point. A later variation was Free Negro Point, but the location, in West Baton Rouge Parish, is now known as Wilkinson Point.[32] The geographic coordinates are 30.5126893° N 91.2126084° W.
A jagged rock formation resembling a silhouetted human face protruding from a cliff over highway 421 north of Pennington Gap, Virginia was called "****** Head Rock" until the 1970s, when the name was changed to "Great Stone Face." Checks issued by a local bank in the 1940s bore an illustration of the rock accompanied by the original name.
The British term for a black iron marine bollard, made from an old cannon partially buried muzzle upward with a slightly oversize black cannonball covering the hole, was "niggerhead". Sailors also once called an isolated coral head a niggerhead. The latter are notorious as navigation hazards.
Many varieties of flora and fauna commonly are still referred to by terms which include the word. The ******-head cactus, which is native to Arizona, is round, the size of a cabbage, and covered with large, crooked thorns. The colloquial name for echinacea, or coneflower, is, variously, "Kansas niggerhead" or "wild niggerhead". The "niggerhead termite"(Nasutitermes graveolus)[33] is native to Australia.
Around the world, the names of several varieties of foods do, or did, include the words. Brazil nuts are often referred to as "****** toes". An Irish colloquialism described prunes as "******'s knackers". A popular chocolate snack in Belgium is widely known as Negerinnetetten (negress's ****), however it is sold under the trademark Melo-cakes. Another chocolate treat in Holland was until recently called Negerzoenen (Negro kisses), but is now called Buys Zoenen (Buys Kisses) after the vendor's name. In Sweden, the traditional treat Negerbollar (Negro balls) is now more commonly referred to as Chocolate-, Oat- or Coco-balls.
In April 2003, there was a stir in Australia over the naming of part of a stadium in Toowoomba, "E.S. ****** Brown Stand". "****** Brown" was the nickname of Toowoomba's first international rugby player. Edward Stanley Brown used the shoe polish brand "****** Brown". The stand was named in the 1960s. As in the United States some decades ago, the word was used casually by whites, with little thought. Brown himself was happy with the nickname, and in fact it is written on his tombstone. A growing black consciousness among Australia's aboriginal population, however, has led to the term being considered increasingly offensive, particularly when uttered by whites.
Australian activist Stephen Hagan took the responsible local council to court over the use of the word. Hagan lost the court case at the district and state level, and the High Court ruled that the matter was beyond federal jurisdiction. The federal government cited the High Court ruling on a lack of federal jurisdiction as its legal justification for continued inaction. (Hagan also has tried changing other supposed racial slurs such as the Coon brand of cheese.)
General John Pershing is remembered by the nickname "Black Jack", which was coined by World War I reporters who could not print his actual nickname, "****** Jack".[34]
Avoiding offense
This section overlaps with other sections; it should be combined with the rest of the article.
Please post any comments on this issue on the talk page.
"The N-Word"
The euphemism "the N-word" became a part of the American lexicon during the racially polarizing trial of O.J. Simpson, a retired football player charged with — and ultimately acquitted of — a widely publicized double murder. One of the prosecution's key witnesses was Los Angeles police detective Mark Fuhrman, who initially denied using racial slurs but whose prolific and derogatory use of it on a tape recording brought his credibility into question. The recordings were from a session in 1985 that Fuhrman had with Laura McKinney, an aspiring screenwriter working on a screenplay about women in the police force. According to Fuhrman, he was using the word as part of his "bad-cop" persona.
Members of the press reporting on and discussing Fuhrman's testimony began using the term "the N-word" instead of repeating the actual word, presumably as a way to avoid offending audiences and advertisers.
Near-homophones
The word niger is Latin for "black" and occurs in many Latin scientific terms and names. (See Niger for other meanings such as the country in Africa.) Niger is the root for some English words which are near homophones of ******. Some sellers of niger seed, a small black seed commonly used as wild bird feed, have begun to sell it under the name Nyjer seed, in part to avoid the common mispronunciation. Also, the Classical Latin pronunciation /ˈnigeɾ/ is close to the English /ˈnɪ.gə(ɹ)/. The situation is not the same with Church Latin pronunciation, /ˈnidʒeɾ/.
Nigra, which is the way Negro is pronounced by some people in the American South, was considered by some to be a more polite way to refer to a black person. Because of its similarity to "******," however, it is generally regarded as unacceptable.[citation needed]
The words niggardly ("miserly") and snigger ("to laugh derisively") do not refer either to black people or to characteristics or behavior attributed to black people, nor do they have any etymological connection with the word. Niggard (a miserly person) is related to Old Norse nig, "stingy," and the verb niggle is most likely derived from the Old Norse verb nigla -- "to chew, gnaw, or potter at". As such words are easily mistaken for "******," their use is frowned upon by some and sometimes seen as offensive. David Howard, a white city official in Washington, D.C., resigned from his job in January 1999, when he used niggardly in a fiscal sense while talking with black colleagues, who took offense at his use of the word. After reviewing the incident, Washington mayor Anthony Williams offered Howard his job back. Howard declined that position but accepted another position in the mayor's administration.[35]
The word wigger is a portmanteau combining the words white and ****** generally used to describe a young, white individual who adopts certain aspects of hip hop, thug, or gangster culture.
A colloquialism in the British music industry for a freeloader is the word "ligger" (one who seeks to attend concerts and music industry events without paying). The word derives from another colloquialism lig (a gig or event) and variations thereof "to go ligging" (to go to a series of events.) The term "ligger" evolved as a derivative of the other words rooted in the word "lig" and not as a variant of "******", but the fact that it is a near homophone of the word "******" has led to it being less used.[citation needed]
Many chat rooms and forums have the word "******" censored with replacement characters. "ni99er" and "NI66ER" are sometimes used to circumvent these measures.
Revisionist usage in Britain
"******" was famously the name of a Black Labrador[36] belonging to the RAF Second World War hero Wing Commander Guy Gibson. The dog died before the 617 Squadron's 1943 raid on the Ruhr dams (the "Dam Busters raid"), and "******" was adopted as the radio code word signaling the destruction of the Möhne dam. The British television broadcaster ITV now tries to reduce offense by editing out some scenes including the dog when it broadcasts the film Dam Busters. This has been condemned by some as "revisionist", although the edited version apparently produced fewer complaints than a previous uncensored broadcast. However, this scene probably has been viewed more times than any other part of the movie. It was watched by the character Pink (Bob Geldof) in the hotel-room sequence in the Pink Floyd film The Wall, during which the dialogs relevant to the dog's death is screened.
*****
Main article: *****
The word ***** as variant of ****** has been used self-referentially by many in the African American community, like a pronoun to refer to a black man[37]. See anaphora. With the rise in popularity of rap and hip-hop, the term has become more widely used among some black youth and among some non-blacks as well. This neo revisionist usage, particularly among non-blacks, has been the source of considerable controversy. contrary to the wide acceptance of referring to white people as "cracker" or "white bread" .the word often is spelled ***** — as it is pronounced in African American Vernacular English and in Southern American English.
You need to join a sport or a club. Play soccer in a league or baseball. Boys and Girls club in your neighborhood. Or take a class, like tae-kwan-do. Your team mates will fast become your true friends. You don't want to bother with the thieves and liers you hung out with before.
How can I get sprite for my grandmother's heirs?
25 yeas ago, my grandmother's ultimate surviving sibling (Joe) passed away in California. At that time, my grandmother lived surrounded by a foreign country and had tremendously little contact with Joe. When Joe passed away, another distant relative (Betty) took matter into her own hands and somehow adjectives Joe's entire estate - Betty also lived in California at that time.Since my grandmother be next of kin, I believe that she should own been entitled to at most minuscule part of the estate. Although she have since passed away, her children have be notified that the estate be worth millions.
What are my legal option? I have remarkably little in the bearing of factual information.
Thank you!
Sammy
Answers: See an attorney who specializes within estate law. The first entity to be decided is whether or not the statute of limitations have run. Good luck.
I think you should contact an attorney that specializes surrounded by estate law and convey them what you said here. They should be able to relate you what your grandmother is entitled to (if anything) and then what the steps would be to confront Betty for your part. Since Joe died (I assume since you didn't mention it) intestate (without a will) after the estate would have to budge through probate first anyway. Creditors will be paid first for any outstanding debts and after the estate is split between any heirs. Good luck.
Edit: Thanks to lareinaii for pointing out that I missed the portion where you mentioned that it be 25 years ago. So they are right, creditors would have be paid a long time ago. Thanks larenaii :)
I guess Joe passed away short a will? Your grandmother should have recevied the entire estate, since she be the next of kin. You would hold to get an attorney which specializes surrounded by estate matters. If betty know that your grandmother was alive and out of the country, sounds similar to she might have commited fraud (if they asked her if joe have any surviving siblings).
vero is incorrect in re to the creditors. You said Joe died 25 years ago. That issue would enjoy already been taken thinking of, since creditors only own 6 months to make a claim to an estate after a disappearance notice is published.
It depends on whether Joe gone a will and, if not, whether he children.
You entail to take what little truthful information you have to a legal representative to look into it. But you may find that you will pay a few hundred dollars to find here is nothing you can do.
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